Foreign policies of pakistan in pdf

First, Pakistan had supported the Taliban regime in the past and its military and intelligence agencies had developed multifaceted interaction with the Taliban.

Second, Pakistan shared a long border with Afghanistan and its support was important for any U. In the ensuing war against terrorism, Pakistan provided airspace, three airbases in Sindh and Baluchistan for logistical, communication and emergency support, and intelligence to the U. Pakistan has had to frequently adjust to the changing situation in Afghanistan mainly because of change in the U.

However, to its great disappointment, Pakistan lacks the kind of support from the international community on Kashmir that it received on Afghanistan. It must be remembered that all the previous wars between the two countries have not solved the problems. The challenge for Pakistan is to adopt a long-term policy using all possible diplomatic and political channels to draw world attention and in the process expose India and force it to heed to the will of the people.

Currently, Pakistan is pursuing a policy of change of means and not of ends, of change of strategy and not of policy. However, Pakistan should ensure that its proposals for normalization of relations are reciprocated by India.

X The U. While Pakistan did not support the military invasion of Iraq, it remains concerned about the suffering of the Iraqi people in the wake of the ongoing war there. It proposed different agreements with the CARs, e. This necessitates that Pakistan enact a dynamic and a long-term consistent policy for its relations with the CARs. In the changed scenario Pakistan has also improved its relations with the Russian Federation.

For both Pakistan and Russia, this invariably implies the proper synthesis of short- and long-term policy in the coming times between the two countries. With respect to its relations with CARs and the Russian Federation, Pakistan needs to develop a good understanding with members of the SCO on the political, economic and military role of foreign powers in the region. The multilateral SCO forum also offers an opportunity to both India and Pakistan to share and interact with each other on this platform.

For Pakistan, the perceptions of threat concerning India have not changed at all. On its part, Russia has once again reaffirmed political and military backing for India.

At a time when India is proceeding with its ambitious arms build-up and missile development program in utter disregard of the Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR , it is Pakistan that is being pressured to give up its nuclear deterrence. But Pakistan has no alternative to a strong conventional and nuclear defense strategy for ensuring its national independence and security. Pakistan has all along demonstrated a foreign policy based on continuity and change, and contrary to general impressions, Pakistan has seldom made a complete somersault towards either the U.

Pakistan also does not consider the process of normalization of relations between China and India and the growing friendship between the U. It however needs to use the leverage of its relations with both the U. Personal projection also ought to be avoided in foreign policy. Pakistan also needs to strengthen its economy, which alone may compensate for its military shortcomings in the longer run in a world that is highly economically motivated.

A country can have a successful and effective foreign policy only when all the concerned government institutions participate fully in its formulation and implementation, and it has popular support. In such a situation, it becomes really difficult to not only uphold the ideology but to advance it as well. Ideology is one aspect of this challenge as Pakistan is a Muslim majority country whose people attach great importance to their Islamic identity. There is widespread anxiety and distrust about U.

While the U. The list of problems with respect to relations with the U. Besides tense borders with India, Pakistan has had to face tense situations along its borders with Afghanistan too. Conversely, it has created a gulf between the people and the government of Pakistan.

The people of Pakistan overwhelmingly support the policy of upholding Islamic causes, be it the Palestine issue or the matter of the right of self-determination of other peoples, including the Kashmiris. While relations with almost all other Muslim countries are good, they exist at the government level and do not trickle down to people to people interaction or to the people having a say in policy making in many countries because of monarchy, autocracy, or absolute dictatorship.

This is why the Muslim world fails to come up with a united and effective stand on most of the issues in spite of the existence of OIC Organization of Islamic Conference. For better eco- nomic cooperation, Pakistan needs to give importance to regional cooperation in addition to promoting bilateral relations with other countries.

It does not promise to be an effective organization in the future either because of the contentious issue of Kashmir between its two bigger members. While the Organization has the potential to check external and internal security threats in the region, it can also provide a platform for India and Pakistan to share and move toward resolution of problems that have marred their own progress besides badly affecting the region.

Above all, Pakistan needs to improve its decision-making process by strengthening its democratic institutions. Welsey M. Agha Shahi, edited by Hamid H. Burke op. Bhutto, op. Burke, op. Burke and Lawrence Ziring op. Agha Shahi, op. Ross H. Pakistan paid this amount in cash partly from its resources and partly from the funds provided by friendly Arab states. It is interesting to note that the US returned the paid amount for F aircraft after adjusting a part of the due amount against the price of the gain it supplied to Pakistan in the past and storage charges for the F aircrafts manufactured for Pakistan but not delivered to it.

Ikram Azam, Pak Geopolitics, A. Islamabad: Polymer Publishers, , — Pakistan has decided that our assistance will be also on bilateral terms, depending on the needs of the Iraqi people.

Pakistan also provided training to ten Iraqi diplomats at the Foreign Service Academy during Pakistan expressed its dismay over the abuse of Iraqi prisoners in the Abu Ghareb prison, which were reported in the International media in May Pakistan holds that occupying powers in Iraq are obligated to address the humanitarian and other basic needs of the Iraqi people as well as to restore public order.

Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. Written with the express purpose of providing a reference book for students of history, political science, international relations, and Pakistan Studies, this book offers an objective history of policy stances along with the rationale behind decisions made by Pakistani state leaders.

It provides an insight into the making, implementation, and consequences of Pakistan's foreign policy from Partition up to. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read.

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Pakistan had its interests in South Asian region and she was looking for friends to contain Soviets advancement of communism and to explore energy resources in the region. Indians refused to be part of any alliance, US bend towards Pakistan. On other hand Pakistan was in need of assistance and support from the world as she has not only to strengthen her economy but also military because of Indian threat.

His visit was declared successful by American media, American's administration was also happy with it. USSR: Pakistan had the independent policy on base of which developed relations with all states. Pakistan's first ambassador took its charge in , and in USSR ambassador came to Karachi in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey were of the first ones who accepted Pakistan as a separate country; Pakistan had intention to develop an international organization, a platform for the Muslim world.

Egypt, Indonesia and Afghanistan opposed the proposal. Relations with China: Pakistan recognized Republic of China in ; both countries laid the foundation on the eve of friendliness but quite slowly paced diplomatic ties. Both, China and Pakistan joined opposite blocs after their independence. Pakistan puts its voice against membership of China in United Nations. That period is called as "Pact mania" as Pakistan joined different pacts.

Idea was to secure South East Asia from threat of communism. Collective securities were envisioned in context of global policy with respect to alliance. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. In , a revolution was led by the communist Ho Chi Minh resulted in an agreement for the withdrawal of French forces temporarily dividing Vietnam with Ho's forces in control in the north , and nationwide elections two years hence to reunify the nation and select a president.

US limited its commitment to act only against communist aggression. During Manila Conference ,Pakistan Foreign Minister Zafarullah khan opposed it on the plea that the treaty was not applicable only to communist aggression.

Pakistan threatened to leave if US refused to apply it to conflict between India and Pakistan. Prime Minister Muhammad Ali also indicated that Pakistan had joined in order to resolve its disputes with India.

Pakistan withdrew in after the Bangladesh Liberation War of Baghdad pact was designed to strengthen nations in region. Pakistan was invited to join the pact but she was reluctant at first to do so.

Mounting pressure from US put Pakistan to join the pact. Baghdad pact provided a framework to strengthen the military and economic assistance. United States maintained its status as unofficial observer in , after Iraqi revolution, Iraq withdrew from the pact.

Collaboration with US was seen in Pakistan as beneficial to its defense and economy. Pakistan joined in order to resolve its disputes with India. The US commitment to assist Pakistan in the event of aggression was more specific.

Pakistan wanted insurance for security against India. CENTO was dissolved in Because of such failures Cento turned to attending more economic development and technical cooperation issue. It was mandated to advise on military problems and provide direction to combined military Planning staff. Development Loan Fund was established by United States. India was supported by Russia on this stance while US remained aside. U-2 Incident , air base in Peshawar was provided by Pakistan to US for surveillance and intelligence purposes, that resulted in U-2 incident.

Russia shot down American spy plane that was taking photographs of Soviet atomic installations. Pakistan became in direct opposition with Russia as Khrushchev warned Pakistan for awful consequences. Airfield was closed in ; Pakistan had to pay heavily for taking risks instead of having support from US.

US assistance to both countries was suspended by Johnson. During war of , US offered aid to India for refugee crisis and Pakistan was urged to accommodate insurgents in East Pakistan.

Pact because it involved three Muslim states, i. Iraq up to , Turkey and Iran. The members of the Baghdad Pact agreed to cooperate with each other in the field of defense and security.

Leaders from both sides visited each other. In Pakistani Prime Minister not only visited US but also showed eagerness to US's decision of considering international communism as threat to security of whole world. Pakistan had voted against China.